This Grand Rounds will review cases of patients with VSS with co-morbid conditions including mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS), and Marfan Syndrome. Each of the conditions will be reviewed. The treatment options for these cases will be reviewed. As VSS can be comorbid with conditions associated with dysautonomia, the role of optometric phototherapy will be reviewed.