Name
Artificial Reefs as Climate Refugia: Can Man Made Habitat Positively Affect Phenology and Distribution for Groupers and Snappers in a Changing World?
Date & Time
Wednesday, May 6, 2026, 7:00 AM - 9:00 AM
Description

Groupers and Snappers serve as mesopredators in reef environments and support known commercial and recreational fisheries. Spawning individuals in these families are often more thermally sensitive and vulnerable to climate change than non-spawning adults, as the energetic costs of reproduction amplify environmental stressors. Most species form fish spawning aggregations (FSAs), where large groups converge on specific sites to reproduce. These FSA’s are increasingly threatened by overfishing and climate change. Previous studies have shown that some taxa are more resilient to climate change than others, but such work has focused only on natural reefs. Many species also use artificial reefs as FSA sites. Therefore, artificial reefs have potential to serve as climate refugia from losses of natural FSA sites. This study employed a Non-Parametric Probabilistic Ecological Niche (NPPEN) model to evaluate whether artificial reefs in the Southeast U.S., Gulf, and Caribbean influence spawning habitat projections for four focal species under two climate models (GFDL ESM4.1, IPSL CMA6-LR) and two emissions scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0). I hypothesized that artificial reef inclusion would mitigate spawning habitat loss, reduce core habitat shifts, and that said habitat shifts would be poleward. The results revealed mixed support for these predictions. Artificial reefs did not consistently buffer spawning habitat loss, though one species displayed modest benefits. Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara) diverged from expectations, exhibiting consistent spawning habitat gains (+20 to +40%), with larger increases on natural reefs than artificial reefs. Cubera Snapper (Lutjanus cyanopterus)  was the only species in the study to have a significant difference in habitat suitability change values between artificial reefs and natural reefs.  Model outputs showed artifiical reefs provided greater gains in habitat suitability for all model outputs under both climate scenarios for Cubera Snapper. These findings highlight both the potential and constraints of artificial reefs as climate refugia. While artificial reefs offer limited buffering capacity, strategic deployment in underrepresented regions may enhance future spawning resilience.

Location Name
Lower exhibit hall
Is presenter a student?
Yes