Multiple species of reef fish converge at predictable locations and times to reproduce. Fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) are key to healthy fish populations. While gathering reproductive-aged fish in relatively small areas makes spawning more efficient, it also makes the fish more vulnerable. Fishing in these areas can disrupt spawning behavior and have an outsized effect on the future population. Efforts are underway to engage fishermen, scientists and managers to further characterize and monitor fish spawning activity in the South Atlantic and Gulf. This presentation will discuss the process and outcomes from a cooperative monitoring effort in the South Atlantic designed to evaluate existing Spawning Special Management Zones (SSMZs) and introduce upcoming opportunities in the Gulf to engage fishermen in the identification and monitoring of FSAs.

In 2017, the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council (SAFMC) established five SSMZs to protect fish spawning based on local fishermen knowledge, oceanographic characteristics, and existing research. Two artificial-reef SSMZs were protected permanently, while the three natural areas were protected for 10 years, pending further data collection. As of 2023, limited monitoring had occurred, leaving a data gap as Council members consider whether to continue protection beyond 2027. In response, a team came together to conduct two cooperative research monitoring trips at each of the three natural-bottom SSMZs. During these trips, local fishermen and scientists used hook-and-line sampling and underwater video to collect 371 snapper/grouper samples and dozens of hours of underwater video footage. The findings confirmed the presence and spawning of priority species in all three SSMZs.

Key to the spawning area work in the South Atlantic has been engaging the fishing community, managers and scientists throughout the process. Efforts are underway to further this collaboration around FSAs in the Gulf. With support from NOAA’s RESTORE Science Program, a cooperative research and management project is underway with multiple opportunities for engagement from participation on the advisory group to training for participation in a study fleet.